Fluoroscopy Dose Calculator

Conversion coefficients (E / KAP)

Procedure	mSv / (Gy·cm²)	Reference
Diagnostic coronary angiography	0.20	NRPB W4 (Hart 1996)
PCI	0.20	NRPB W4
EP ablation / pacing	0.18	Heyer 2010
Cerebral DSA	0.087	Bor 2008
Cerebral intervention	0.087	Bor 2008
Abdominal/visceral angio	0.26	Hart NRPB-R262
Peripheral angiography	0.16	Hart NRPB-R262
ERCP	0.26	Hart NRPB-R262
Urological fluoroscopy	0.20	Hart NRPB-R262
Orthopaedic / spine	0.10	Hart NRPB-R262
GI barium	0.18	Hart NRPB-R262

Skin-dose risk thresholds (NCRP 168 / SIR 2009)

Threshold	K_a,r (Gy)	Effect
Trigger 1 — substantial radiation dose level (SRDL)	≥ 5	Document, follow up patient at 30 days
Trigger 2	≥ 10	Patient consultation; transient erythema possible
Trigger 3	≥ 15	Risk of permanent epilation, late skin changes
Threshold for deterministic effects	≥ 2 (PSD)	Erythema possible (~24-h delay)

Note: K_a,r is air kerma at the interventional reference point (IRP). Peak skin dose (PSD) is typically 0.5–1.0 × K_a,r depending on field overlap; this calculator uses 0.7 as a default approximation.

Sources

• Hart D, Hillier MC, Wall BF. Doses to patients from medical X-ray examinations in the UK — 2003 review. NRPB-W14, 2002.
• Hart D, Wall BF. Radiation exposure of the UK population from medical and dental X-ray examinations. NRPB-W4 / NRPB-R262.
• Bor D et al. Effective dose estimation in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. Radiat Prot Dosim 2008;128:191-201. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm370
• NCRP Report No. 168 (2010). Radiation Dose Management for Fluoroscopically-Guided Interventional Medical Procedures.
• Stecker MS et al. Guidelines for patient radiation dose management. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;20(7 Suppl):S263-S273. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2009.04.037
• ICRP Publication 85 (2000). Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Interventional Procedures.